Izingodo: Umgogodla Wokwakha Okusimeme

Iyini i-Timbers?

Izingodo, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthiizingodo noma izinkuni, zingenye yezinto eziguquguqukayo nezisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni. Esuselwe ezihlahleni, izingodo zibe yinsika yentuthuko yomuntu, zihlinzeka ngezinto ezingavuthiwe zokwakha izakhiwo, ifenisha, nezinye izinto eziningi zokusebenza. Izimfanelo eziyisisekelo zamapulangwe, njengamandla, ukuqina, nokukhanga kobuhle, ziwenza akhetheke kakhulu ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. Ukwengeza, ukusimama kwezingodo, uma zitholwa ngokuzibophezela, kunomthelela ekwazisweni kwazo njengento yokwakha evumelana nemvelo.

Ukubaluleka Kwezingodo Ekwakhiweni

Ukusimama kanye Nomphumela Wemvelo

Izingodo zibungazwa ngezinzuzo zazo zemvelo. Njengomthombo ovuselelekayo, zingavunwa futhi zitshalwe kabusha, kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuqeda imithombo yemvelo. Izinqubo ezinomthwalo wemfanelo zamahlathi ziqinisekisa ukuthi ukugawulwa kwezinkuni akuholeli ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kodwa kunalokho kuthuthukisa impilo yamahlathi nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwamapulangwe kune-carbon footprint ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto zokwakha ezifana nokhonkolo nensimbi, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kumaphrojekthi wokwakha esimeme.

Ukuqina namandla

Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezingodo ekwakheni amandla nokuqina kwazo. Iphathwe kahle futhi inakekelwe,izingodo s ingahlala amashumi eminyaka, ihlinzeka ngohlaka oluqinile noluthembekile lwezakhiwo. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokhuni zinikeza amazinga ahlukene obulukhuni namandla, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene zokwakha, kusukela emishayweni yesakhiwo ukuya phansi kanye nophahla.

Ukuhlukahluka Kwezinhlelo Zokusebenza

Amapulangwe ahlukahlukene ngendlela emangalisayo futhi angasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene nosayizi. Angasikwa, alolongeke, futhi aqedwe ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zephrojekthi. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kwenza izingodo zilungele izinhlobonhlobo zezinhloso zokwakha, okuhlanganisa uhlaka, ukubeka phansi, i-cabinetry, kanye nokuvala kwangaphandle. Ukukhanga kobuhle bokhuni, nokusanhlamvu kwaso kwemvelo nokuthungwa, nakho kwengeza ukukhanga okuyingqayizivele kunoma yisiphi isakhiwo, kuthuthukise ukuklama nokuzwakala kwawo jikelele.

Izinhlobo zamapulangwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo

Izinkuni ezithambile

Izinkuni ezithambile, ezifana nephayini, i-fir, ne-spruce, zivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni ngenxa yokutholakala kwazo kanye nokucutshungulwa kalula. Lezi zinkuni ngokuvamile zilula futhi zincane kakhulu kunezinkuni eziqinile, okuzenza zilungele ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho isisindo sicatshangelwa khona. Ama-Softwoods nawo asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yokhuni eyenziwe ngobunjiniyela efanaipulangwefuthiIbhodi le-strand oriented(I-OSB), okuyizingxenye ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwesimanje.

Izinkuni eziqinile

Izinkuni eziqinile, njenge-oki, i-maple, ne-cherry, ziminyene futhi zihlala isikhathi eside kunezinkuni ezithambile. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho amandla nokumelana nokugqoka kubalulekile, njenge-flooring, i-cabinetry, nefenisha. Ama-Hardwoods aziswa futhi ngezimfanelo zawo zobuhle, anemibala ecebile namaphethini okusanhlamvu ayinkimbinkimbi anezela ubuhle nobunkimbinkimbi ezikhaleni zangaphakathi.

Engineered Wood Products

Ukhuni lobunjiniyelaimikhiqizo, kuhlanganise plywood,amapulangwe e-laminated veneer(I-LVL ), nezingodo eziphambanayo (CLT), zinikeza amandla athuthukisiwe nokuzinza uma kuqhathaniswa nokhuni lwendabuko. Le mikhiqizo ikhiqizwa ngokuhlanganisa izingqimba zokhuni ndawonye, ​​​​okuholela ezintweni ezinamandla nezizinze kakhulu kunokhuni oluqinile. Izinkuni ezenziwe ngobunjiniyela zisetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo zokwakha, kusukela ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo kuya ezintweni zokuhlobisa.

Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa Izingodo

Izinzuzo Zemvelo

Izingodo zifaka isandla ekwehliseni i-carbon footprint yezakhiwo. Izihlahla zimunca isikhutha njengoba zikhula, futhi le carbon igcinwa okhunini ngisho nangemva kokuba isivunwe futhi isetshenziselwa ukwakha. Lokhu kwenza izingodo zibe izinto zokwakha ezingenayo ikhabhoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yezingodo kudinga amandla amancane kunokukhiqizwa kwensimbi noma ukhonkolo, okuthuthukisa ngokwengeziwe iziqinisekiso zabo zemvelo.

Impilo kanye Nenhlalakahle

Izakhiwo ezakhiwe ngamapulangwe zikhonjiswe ukuthi zithuthukisa ikhwalithi yomoya yasendlini engcono kanye nempilo enhle yabantu abahlala ngaphakathi. Izinkuni zinezici zemvelo zokuvikela ukushisa, ezisiza ukugcina izinga lokushisa elikhululekile lasendlini kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ukwengeza, ukuba khona kwezinkuni ezindaweni zangaphakathi kuye kwaxhunyaniswa namazinga okucindezeleka ancishisiwe kanye nempilo yengqondo yonke ethuthukisiwe, ukudala indawo yokuhlala enempilo kanye nezindawo zokusebenza.

Izinzuzo Zezomnotho

Izingodo zinikeza izinzuzo zezomnotho futhi. Ngokuvamile zithengeka kakhulu kunezinye izinto zokwakha, ikakhulukazi uma kucatshangelwa ubude bazo besikhathi eside kanye nezidingo ezincane zokunakekela. Ukuguquguquka kwezinkuni nakho kuvumela ukuklama okungabizi kanye nezixazululo zokwakha, ukunciphisa izindleko zephrojekthi jikelele.

Izingodo Ekwakhiweni Kwesimanje

Imikhuba Yokwakha Esimeme

Ekwakhiweni kwesimanje, ukusetshenziswa kwezingodo kuhambisana nezinqubo zokwakha ezisimeme. Izitifiketi zebhilidi eliluhlaza, njenge-LEED ne-BREEAM, ziyaqaphela ukusetshenziswa kwezingodo ezitholakala ngokuzibophezela futhi zikhuthaza ukufakwa kwazo kumaphrojekthi wokwakha. Ngokukhetha izingodo, abakhi nabathuthukisi bangakwazi ukufaka isandla ezenzweni zokwakha ezisimeme nezingangeni imvelo.

Ukuqamba okusha Ekwakhiweni Kwezingodo

Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe nobunjiniyela iholele ekusetshenzisweni okusha kwamapulangwe ekwakheni. Izingodo ze-Cross-laminated (CLT) neminye imikhiqizo yamapulangwe amaningi manje isisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo eziphakeme, okukhombisa amandlaukhuni njengendlela ehlukile yensimbi nokhonkolo. Lezi zindlela ezintsha azigqamisi nje kuphela amandla nokuguquguquka kwezingodo kodwa futhi zibonisa amandla azo okusekela amaphrojekthi amakhulu wokwakha.

I-Architectural Design kanye ne-Aesthetics

Izingodo zinikeza ukuguquguquka kwedizayini okungenakuqhathaniswa, okuvumela abaklami bezakhiwo ukuthi bakhe izakhiwo ezibukeka kahle nezizwakala kahle ngokwesakhiwo. Ubuhle bemvelo bokhuni buthuthukisa ukukhanga kobuhle kwanoma yisiphi isakhiwo, kudala izindawo ezifudumele nezimemayo. Ikhono le-Timber lokubunjwa nokuqedwa kalula liphinde linike amandla imiklamo yezakhiwo eyinkimbinkimbi neyingqayizivele, ecindezela imingcele yezakhiwo zesimanje.

Izingodo ku-Sustainable Architecture

Izitifiketi Zokwakha Eziluhlaza

Izingodo zidlala indima enkulu ekuzuzeni izitifiketi zesakhiwo esiluhlaza. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-US Green Building Council kanye ne-Building Research Establishment (BRE) zikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisimeme, okuhlanganisa izingodo, ekwakheni. Lezi zitifiketi zivuma izinzuzo zemvelo zokusebenzisa ukhuni, zikhuthaza abakhi ukuthi basebenzise izingodo njengento eyinhloko kumaphrojekthi abo. Ngokuhlanganisa izingodo, amaphrojekthi angathola amaphuzu abheke ekutholeni izitifiketi ezifana ne-LEED (Ubuholi Kwezamandla Nokuklanywa Kwemvelo) kanye ne-BREEAM (Indlela Yokuhlola Isakhiwo Socwaningo Lokwakha Imvelo), ethuthukisa ukumaketheka kwesakhiwo nokusebenza kwemvelo.

Izindlela Zokufaka Izingodo

Izindlela zokudala zokuhlanganisa izingodo ziye zavela phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, zivumelana nezidingo zesimanje zokwakha kuyilapho kugcinwa ubuqotho namandla ezakhiwo zokhuni. Ukwakhiwa kwamapulangwe kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa imishayo emikhulu kusetshenziswa i-mortise ne-tenon joints, izikhonkwane, nezinye izindlela zendabuko, ukwakha izinhlaka eziqinile nezibukeka kahle. Le nqubo ayigcini nje ngokuzwakala kahle ngesakhiwo kodwa futhi ivumela izindawo zangaphakathi ezivulekile, eziguquguqukayo, ezihlonishwa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwesimanje.

Amasu amasha ku-Timber Technology

I-Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT)

I-Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) iyintuthuko eyisisekelo ekwakhiweni kwezingodo. Amaphaneli e-CLT enziwa ngokunamathisela izingqimba zamapulangwe ema-engeli angakwesokudla komunye nomunye, okudala into eqinile futhi engasindi. Amaphaneli e-CLT angenziwa futhi ahlanganiswe esizeni, anciphise kakhulu isikhathi sokwakha kanye nezindleko zabasebenzi. Amandla nokuguquguquka kwe-CLT kuyenza ifanelekele uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, kufaka phakathi izakhiwo ezinezitezi eziningi, izikole, nezindawo zokuhweba.

I-Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)

I-Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) ngomunye umkhiqizo wokhuni owenziwe ngobunjiniyela oguqule ukwakhiwa kwezingodo. I-LVL yenziwe ngokuhlanganisa amapulangwe amancane amancane ngaphansi kokushisa nokucindezela, okuholela emkhiqizweni onamandla nongaguquguquki kunokhuni oluqinile. I-LVL ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa imishayo, izihloko, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zesakhiwo lapho kudingeka khona amandla aphezulu nokuzinza. Ukufana nokuthembeka kwayo kuyenza ibe yinto ekhethwayo ekwakhiweni kwezindawo zokuhlala nezohwebo.

Izinzuzo Zokwakhiwa Kwezingodo

I-Thermal Insulation kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla

Amapulangwe anezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvikela ukushisa, esiza ukugcina amazinga okushisa angaphakathi endlini ekhululekile nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ikhono lemvelo le-Wood lokuvikela i-insulating linciphisa isidingo sokushisisa nokupholisa okwenziwayo, okunomthelela emalini ephansi yamandla kanye ne-carbon footprint encane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo ze-hygroscopic zamapulangwe zisiza ukulawula amazinga womswakamo wasendlini, zidale izindawo zokuhlala ezinempilo nezinethezekile.

Ukusebenza kwe-Acoustic

Amapulangwe aphinde anikeze ukusebenza kwe-acoustic okuphezulu, okuwenza alungele izakhiwo zokuhlala nezohwebo. Ukuminyana kwemvelo kanye nesakhiwo samaselula sokhuni kusiza ukumunca umsindo, kunciphise amazinga omsindo futhi kuthuthukise ukunethezeka kwe-acoustic. Le khwalithi inenzuzo ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni zokuhlala ezinamayunithi amaningi, izikole, nezikhala zamahhovisi, lapho ukuncipha komsindo kubalulekile ukuze kuphile kahle kanye nokukhiqiza.

Izibonelo: Izingodo Ezisebenzayo

I-Townhouse, eLondon

I-Stadthaus eseLondon iyimodeli eyisibonelo yokwakha izingodo. Njengesinye sezakhiwo zokuhlala ezinde kunazo zonke emhlabeni ezenziwe ngokuphelele nge-CLT, sibonisa amandla epulangwe njengento yokuqala yokwakha. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-CLT akuzange kunikeze amandla esakhiwo kuphela kodwa futhi kube nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwemvelo kwesakhiwo, ukuzuza ukuncipha okukhulu kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.

I-Brock Commons Tallwood House, eVancouver

I-Brock Commons Tallwood House e-University of British Columbia ingenye ingqopha-mlando ekwakhiweni kwezingodo. Le ndawo yokuhlala yabafundi enezitezi ezingu-18 ihlanganisa i-CLT ne-glulam (ugodo olunamanzi olunamanzi) ukuze kwakhiwe isakhiwo esiphakeme esiqinile futhi esiqinile. Le phrojekthi ikhombisa amakhono ezingodo ekwakhiweni kwenani elikhulu, ibeka izindinganiso ezintsha zokusimama kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha embonini.

Izinselele kanye Namathemba Esikhathi esizayo

Ukumelana Nomlilo

Enye yezinto eziyinhloko ezikhathaza ukwakhiwa kwamapulangwe ukumelana nomlilo. Kodwa-ke, amakhodi wokwakha wesimanje nezindlela zobunjiniyela ezithuthukisiwe ziye zabhekana nalolu daba ngempumelelo. Amapulangwe angelashwa ngezingubo ezingashi, futhi imikhiqizo yokhuni eyenziwe ngobunjiniyela njenge-CLT ibonise ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu komlilo ekuhlolweni. Ukushiswa kwezinkuni phakathi nomlilo kudala ungqimba oluvikelayo olubambezela ukuvutha okwengeziwe, okunikeza isikhathi esibalulekile sokuphuma nokulawula umlilo.

Ukwamukelwa Kwemakethe kanye Nokubona

Ngenkathi ukwakhiwa kwezingodo kuthola ukuduma, kusenezinselelo ezihlobene nokwamukelwa kwemakethe kanye nombono. Ukufundisa abakhi, abathuthukisi, kanye nomphakathi mayelana nezinzuzo namandla okhuni kubalulekile ekwamukelweni kwawo okusabalele. Ukubonisa ukuqaliswa ngempumelelo kwezingodo kumaphrojekthi aphezulu kungasiza ekuguquleni imibono futhi kukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwalokhu okusimeme.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Q: Ingabe izingodo zineqhaza kanjani emisebenzini yokwakha esimeme? IMP: Ukhuni luwumthombo ovuselelekayo ongavunwa ngokuqhubekayo futhi utshalwe kabusha. Ine-carbon footprint ephansi uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinto futhi inomthelela ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa.

Q: Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) ekwakheni? A: I-CLT inikeza amandla, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokuhlangana kalula. Inciphisa isikhathi sokwakha kanye nezindleko, inikeza ukufakwa kwe-thermal okuhle kakhulu, futhi inezindawo ezinhle zokumelana nomlilo.

Q: Zingasetshenziswa kanjani izingodo ezakhiweni eziphakeme? A: Ukwakhiwa okusha emikhiqizweni yokhuni yobunjiniyela efana ne-CLT ne-glulam kuvumela izingodo ukuthi zisetshenziswe ezakhiweni eziphakeme. Lezi zinto zinikeza amandla adingekayo nokuzinza kokwakhiwa okukhulu.

Q: Yiziphi izinyathelo ezithathwayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha emlilweni wezakhiwo zamapulangwe? A: Amapulangwe angelashwa ngezingubo ezingashi, futhi imikhiqizo yokhuni eyenziwe ngobunjiniyela njenge-CLT ibonise ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu komlilo. Amakhodi wokwakha nezindlela zobunjiniyela nazo ziqinisekisa ukuphepha komlilo.

Umbuzo: Kungani izingodo zithathwa njengezinto zokwakha ezilungele imvelo? IMP: Ukhuni luwumthombo ovuselelekayo ongaphathwa ngokuqhubekayo. Igcina ikhabhoni, inciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, futhi inamandla aphansi uma iqhathaniswa nezinto ezifana nensimbi nokhonkolo.

Q: Iyiphi indima edlalwa izingodo ekuthuthukiseni izinga lomoya wasendlini? IMP: Amapulangwe asiza ukulawula amazinga womswakamo wasendlini, anikele ezingeni elingcono lomoya kanye nezindawo zokuhlala ezinempilo. Izici zayo zemvelo futhi zinciphisa isidingo sokushisisa nokupholisa okwenziwayo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.